Preorders and free categories - two ends of a spectrum

Exercise 3-21(2)

What equations are needed to add to the following graphs in order to present the associated preorders?

Solution(1)
  1. f=g

  2. f;f=f

  3. f;h=g;i

  4. none are needed

Exercise 3-22(2)

What is the preorder reflection of the category \(\mathbb{N}\) from Example 3.13

Solution(1)

The trivial preorder of one object.